Hypertension is a common disease, without signs and usually easily treatable. In the absence of treatment, it can lead to life threatening events. In the absence of signs, early diagnosis of the disease is reduced. Likewise as factors such as genetic, social and dietary in different societies remain different, these in itself might be effective in the development of hypertension this formed the basis of the research to evaluate the environmental and genetic factor as predisposing factors in the development of hypertension. This case control study was conducted on patients with blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg in the city of Arak in the year 2003 using multistage sampling. A total of 1000 persons were recruited. The data including demographic data, social habits comprising of dietary, social, personal habits, signs and symptoms and clinical findings were recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and statistical descriptive indices, and for comparison of the means and their relation logistic regression was employed. During the research the researchers remained loyal to the guide – lines laid down by the ministry of health, teaching and treatment. In this research 263 patients with primary hypertension were compared with 765 patients not having primary hypertension. Low level education (p<0001, or=2.78) and obesity (p<003) and short stature (p<001) and minimal touch with father and mother (p<001) and death of one degree (p<001) and aortic murmur (P=05) and family dissatisfaction (p<04) were risk factor for hypertension presentation. Design of Model to predict hypertension or its absence based on clinical and anthropometric findings can be tackled via in formation cardiovascular, brain, kidney and eye complications can be reduced. According to the Model obtained, regarding systemic hypertension, these Models can be used in patients with a positive family history in out patient departments and private clinics.

Introduction: Hypertension is a common asymptomatic and usually easy to treat disease. Regarding the fact that genetic, social and nutritional factors responsible for inducing hypertension are not the same in different societies, it is necessary to performer a study to introduce a Model of hypertension which includes laboratory measures as risk factors of hypertension at Arak city in 2004. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. Study samples were 1000 persons (263 patients with hypertension and 737 healthy people). Samples were selected using multi-stage method in which the population ratio in city and village in both groups was considered. Laboratory findings and ECG results were documented. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Results: In this study hypertensive patients were compared to healthy people. Some risk factors in this study were LVH (p<0.0001), high triglyceride, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Also a Model was made based on ECG results and laboratory findings to predict the probability of hypertension.Conclusion: By educating physicians about the determined risk factors in this study, they can control them better and decrease hypertension complications in heart, brain, kidney and eye. On the other hand the obtained Model can be used in determination of the probable hypertension in people with positive family history.

Appointment scheduling for outpatient services is a challenge in the healthcare sector. For addressing this challenge, most studies assumed that patients unpunctuality and the duration of service have constant values or a specific probability distribution function. Consequently, there is a research gap to consider the uncertainty of both patients unpunctuality and the duration of service in terms of fuzzy sets. Therefore, this research aims to consider fuzzy values for both unpunctuality and duration of service have to improve an outpatient Appointment scheduling (the time interval between two patients) in a referral clinic with the objective of reducing the total weight of waiting time, idle time, and overtime. Four different fuzzy linear programming Models and 36 scenarios have been developed based on the show, no-show of patients, single-book, and double-book by using GAMS software. These four Models are as follows: (1) probability of no-show equal to zero, (2) probability of no-show equal to 20%, (3) probability of no-show equal to zero and with double-book factor, and (4) probability of no-show equal to 20% and with double-book factor. The results of the first, second, third, and fourth Models, respectively, present the scenarios considering 10, 5, 15, and 15 minutes for the time interval between two patients that have the minimum total weight of patient waiting times, physician idle times, and physician overtime. By considering these findings, the investigated referral clinic can improve its Appointment systems performance. Moreover, other similar clinics can apply the proposed Model for improving their Appointment systems' performance.

Media management, as one of the essential pillars influencing public opinion and societal culture, requires a structure that minimizes the potential for corruption and abuse. In light of growing concerns about corruption in media organizations and its detrimental impacts on society, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a Model for the incorruptible Appointment of managers in the media sector. For this purpose, a qualitative method was employed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten senior managers, deputies, and executives using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. During open coding, 262 statements were extracted, followed by axial coding, which resulted in the identification of 20 subcategories. Ultimately, through selective coding, six overarching categories were derived: absence of political, ethical, and ideological corruption,merit-based Appointments,independent testing, evaluation, and monitoring,enhancement of media literacy and the transition toward learning organizations,a suitable system of rewards and penalties,and familiarity with media laws and current procedures. This study, through identifying and categorizing the factors influencing the incorruptible Appointment of media managers, presents a conceptual Model. This Model can assist senior managers of media organizations in adopting a systematic and evidence-based approach to improve the managerial Appointment process and prevent potential corruption and abuse. Such an approach not only promotes integrity and transparency within media organizations but can also have a positive influence on public opinion andcultural developmen

By a brief survey on the thinking process of Ishraq philosophy (illumination), this paper has come up with some spaces compatible with the practical and theoretical sources. Studying the proposed theoretical discussions, it was endeavored to extract the available attitudes and perspectives and put them aligned with the studies done so that the way of thinking could be found. The question that makes the roadmap here is whether one can design a bright horizon for the theoretical studies according to the world sketch. At this stage, it was tried to get help from a Sketch to go along with theoretical studies.Deploying that led to the skeleton separation of specific urban spaces which have been drawn in accordance with mental and theoretical basics. The organic urban spaces are not made up all of a sudden (a mixed up space but independent from one another) but their residents will shape up the place over time or make some changes in them.This study has been after reshaping them instead of finding an ultimate response for questions to be presented to others. Many a question has no answer. The result has been thinking about them again which is yet to come.

This research, entitled " A Model for improving Appointment and promotion system of staff and line managers in Education Department' ', examines the Appointment of managers with regard to the effect of educational managers on productivity in Education Department.In terms of purpose, this study is applied and in terms of data, it is quantitative. Based on performance type, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of 103772 line managers (school principals), 7380 staff managers (principals, deputies, Bureau officials), and 958196 teachers of different programs.400 staff and line managers in addition to 400 teachers were selected as samples of the study by random multi-stage clustering using Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for gathering data. It includes 95 closed-response questions. The reliability of the questionnaire is calculated 0/81.For data analysis, dependent t-test, Vilkakson and Mann-Whitney U tests and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used. The findings of this study show that there is a significant difference between the existing criteria for managers' Appointment in Education Department with the desirable criteria from the view point of teachers and managers and there is a difference between the viewpoints of teachers and managers in terms of existing Appointment criteria but they have similar viewpoints regarding desirable Appointment criteria. According to the findings of this study, a Model was proposed for the Appointment and promotion of managers in Education Department.

In order to improve the process of selection and Appointment of ministerial administrators in education, the design, and validation of a competency Model was deemed necessary. To this end, a sample of 22 experts was interviewed and their responses were content analyzed. Additionally, a sample of 86 ministerial administrators from among 115 such individuals in Tehran were given a questionnaire with an acceptable validity. These data were analyzed through factor analysis. Results brought about an initial list of 63 competencies of which 58 were confirmed through factor analysis. These competencies are categorized in two dimensions of general and special with six main categories and 17 subcategories.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and Appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a Model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and Appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and Appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.